Pitman's Commercial Spanish Grammar (2nd ed.)

Caer has several idiomatic uses --

Este vestido le cae bien: This dress fits her well.
Caer en gracia: To fall into the good graces of one.
La puerta cae á oriente: The door is on the east side.
Ya caigo, ya caigo en ello: Now I understand.
Caerse redondo: To fall flat.

Dar --

Dar en el clavo (= acertar): To hit it.
Dar por concedido, dar de barato: To grant for the sake of argument.
Lo doy por bueno: I consider it as good.
Dar los naipes: To deal cards.
Dar la enhorabuena, el pésame, los buenos días: To congratulate, to condole with, to wish good day.
Dar la hora: To strike the hour.
Dar en caprichos: To give oneself up to whims.
Dar en un error: To incur an error.
Darse preso: To give oneself up.
Darse al estudio: To apply or devote oneself to study.
Dar á creer: To make believe.
Dar con una persona: To come across a person.
No se me da nada: I do not care a bit.
Ahí me las den todas: I do not care a bit.

Many other idioms are formed with dar for which a good dictionary should be consulted.

Dejar de -- to cease from, to omit, to fail to.

Dejemos de hablar: Let us cease talking.
Dejó de hacerme la remesa que me había prometido: He omitted to send me the remittance he promised me.
No dejaré de ejecutar su orden: I shall not fail to execute your order.

Echar (to throw) forms also many idioms for which the dictionary should be consulted --

Echar á correr, á reir, etc.: To start running, laughing, etc.
Echar á perder: To spoil, to ruin.
Echar de beber: To pour out drink.
Echar de ver: To perceive, to notice.
Esto se echa de ver: This is obvious.
Echar menos or de menos: To miss, to feel the want of.
Echar la llave, el cerrojo, la tranca: To lock, to bolt, to bar (the door).
Echar la culpa: To lay the blame.
Echar mano: To lay hold, to lay hands upon.
Echar un cigarillo, un puro: To smoke a cigarette, a cigar.

Estar -- "to be."

Estar en que: To be of opinion.
Estar por: To be in favor of.
Estar para: To be on the point of.
Estar por hacer: To be yet to be done.

Faltar -- "to fail," "to be wanting."

Faltó a la promesa: He failed to his promise.
Me faltan cinco duros: I am short of five dollars.
N.B. -- "Me hacen falta cinco duros" is "I need five dollars."

Guardarse de -- "to take care" (to guard against).

It carries with it a negative meaning.

Me guardaré bien de hacerlo: I shall take care not to do it. ("I shall take care to do it" would be translated "cuidaré de hacerlo.")

Hacerse, Ponerse, Volverse, Llegar á ser, translate the English "to become," when this is not rendered by turning the English adjective into a verb, as --

Se hizo todo un inglés: He became quite an Englishman.
Se puso colorado: He became red in the face.
Se volvió loco de contento: He became mad with joy.
Llegó á ser famoso: He became famous.
Se enriqueció: He became rich.

Hacer (or mandar) hacer una cosa -- "to have a thing done."

Me hice enviar los bultos: I had the packages sent to me. Hice escribir una carta: I had a letter written.

Llevar -- "to carry," "to wear."
Llevar á mal: To take amiss.
Llevarse bien con todos: To get on with everybody.
Llevarse chasco: To be disappointed.
Llévese V. estos valores: Take these securities with you.

Meter bulla -- "to make a noise," "to shout," "to clamor."

Volver (to return, i.e., to come or go again) is used before an infinitive to denote a repetition of its action --

Volver á decir: To say again.
Decir otra vez: To say again.
Decir de nuevo: To say again.