The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of American Independence

Algeciras,

in Gibraltar Bay, station of Franco-Spanish Fleet supporting the Siege of Gibraltar, 121, 230, 231.

Arbuthnot,

Marriott, British Admiral, commands North American Station, 1779, 113, 148;
anger at Rodney's intrusion on his command, 150;
supports the attack on Charleston, 1780, 151;
station in Gardiner's Bay, 151, 170;
action with French squadron under des Touches, 1781, 171;
regains command of Chesapeake Bay, 174;
superseded, 1781, 176.

Arethusa,

British frigate. Encounter with French frigate Belle Poule marks beginning of War of 1778 with France, 62, 82.

Armed Neutrality, The,

of 1780, 3, 158.

Arnold, Benedict,

American General. Effects following his action on Lake Champlain in 1776, 3, 4, 7, 25;
with, Ethan Allen, seizes Ticonderoga and Crown Point, 1775, 8;
captures or destroys all hostile shipping on Lake Champlain, 9;
traverses Maine forests, and joins Montgomery before Quebec, 10;
maintains blockade of Quebec till arrival of a British squadron, 10;
retreats to Crown Point, and destitution of his troops, 11;
schemes for maintaining command of Lake Champlain, 12;
his force, and its character, 14, 15, 17;
compelled by shore batteries to abandon lower Narrows of the Lake, 15;
selects Valcour Island as position for defense, 15;
decision to risk destruction of force rather than retire, 18, 19;
sound strategic and tactical ideas, 20;
Battle of Valcour Island, 21;
successful withdrawal after defeat, 23;
overtaken and flotilla destroyed, 25;
effect of his resistance in delaying British advance, 25;
conduct, courage, and heroism throughout, 27;
his subsequent treason, 18, 27, 152;
commands British detachment in Virginia, 153, 169, 170, 174.

Asiatic Immigration,

Danger involved in, 4.

Barbados,

West India Island, headquarters of British Leeward Islands Station, 99;
advantage of Santa Lucia over, 104, 144, 207;
notably for crippled ships, 144;
devastated by hurricane, 1780, 159.

Bartington,

Samuel, British Admiral, commands Leeward Islands Station, 99;
capture of Santa Lucia by, 100-102;
successfully resists d'Estaing's effort to recapture, 103, 104;
superseded in chief command by Byron, 105;
share in Byron's action with d'Estaing, 107, 109;
goes home wounded, 112;
refuses command-in-chief of the Channel Fleet, 1780, 157;
serves in it under Howe, 227;
captures a French convoy for East Indies, 227.

Basse Terre,

St. Kitts, Operations around, 1782, 196-205;
character of anchorage at, 199.